Australia's Reserve Bank has held rates steady at 3.25% following the board's monthly meeting today, as widely anticipated.  RBA Govenor Glenn Stevens noted that in spite of the global economic crisis, Australia's economy had not experienced the downturn seen elsewhere and that changes to monetary and fiscal policy had changed sufficiently "on the basis of currently available information".  The full text of the Govenor's statement follows:

"At its meeting today, the Board decided to leave the cash rate unchanged at 3.25 per cent.

Recent data confirm that the world economy has remained very weak following the sharp decline in demand that occurred late last year. The major industrial economies reported large contractions in output in the December quarter, as did a number of emerging market economies across Asia and eastern Europe. Many countries are likely to be experiencing further falls in output in the current quarter.

Conditions in global credit markets have improved since November, but sentiment remains fragile. Share prices have weakened and banking systems in several major countries are still under pressure, as authorities work towards a resolution of the balance-sheet problems. Significant macroeconomic policy stimulus is being put in place around the world, but it is too soon to see the effects of those measures.

In Australia, demand has not weakened as much as in other countries and, on the basis of currently available information, the Australian economy has not experienced the sort of large contraction seen elsewhere. The Australian financial system remains strong and the monetary policy transmission process is working to deliver large reductions in interest rates to end borrowers. Nonetheless, economic conditions are clearly weak, and given the speed and scale of the global economic deterioration and its effect on confidence, weak conditions are likely to continue in the near term. Inflation is likely to decline over time.

In response to that outlook, there has already been a major change in both monetary and fiscal policy. Market and mortgage rates are at very low levels by historical standards and business loan rates are below recent averages, reducing debt-servicing burdens considerably. Together with the substantial fiscal initiatives, the cumulative decline in interest rates will provide significant support to domestic demand over the period ahead. On this basis, notwithstanding evident economic weakness at present, the Board judged that the stance of monetary policy was appropriate for the moment. The Board will consider the position again at its next meeting."

With the Australian ban on covered short selling of financial stocks due to expire by Friday 6th March, speculation is mounting that it will be extended further with ongoing weakness and volatility giving the ban's proponents additional ammunition.

David Murray, former CEO of the Commonwealth Bank, and now heading up the government's Future Fund, has been reported as supporting an extension of the ban. At the same time the Dutch regulator, AFM, has extended their ban on the shorting of financials until June after ING and Aegon came under renewed pressure.

The hard facts are that financial stocks in Australia have not been shown to have been protected by the ban while it has been in place. This leads detractors of the ban to claim that the ban is a populist knee jerk reaction which is damaging price discovery, (otherwise known as letting the market dictate the value of a stock) liquidity and Australia's reputation as a serious financial centre.

At the same time they point out that as there are significant exclusions to the ban (market makers, derivatives etc) it is not being even handed. We expect the debate to increase over the next week, and, whatever the regulator's decision, to leave one side or the other decidedly unhappy.

Pioneer Global Investment (Australia) has declined to provide performance updates on their three funds since October 2008. The manager has advised that they are undergoing a restructure, but declined to provide any further information.

For the 10 months up until October last year, the Momentum Global Long/Short Strategy fund had lost 24.45%, the Momentum AllWeather fund was down 17.56% and the Restructuring Fund lost 20.7%.

From December brokers, superannuation firms and hedge funds will be required to report when they are borrowing stock, the RBA revealed yesterday.

Under the new disclosure rules brokers are required to report to the ASX when they are using stock borrowed under security lending agreements in trades. The quantities of stock borrowed daily will be published by the ASX. Investors who frequently lend stock will also be obliged to disclose their lending activities.

These rules were developed after an RBA-led investigation into the delayed settlement of trades across the market last January indicated stock lending was to blame. Along with the new short selling reporting rules revealed last year, the RBA is hoping these new regulations will increase transparency, thereby increasing confidence in the markets in volatile times.

The Governor of the Reserve Bank of Australia, Glenn Stevens, addressed the House of Representatives Standing Committee on Economics today and delivered an opening statement that was both sobering and relatively positive at the same time.

Citing the worst economic conditions in decades, and severe threats to the World's banking and financial system, he nonetheless indicated that Australia was relatively well placed after easing monetary policy by 400 basis points, and citing China's ongoing growth as a potential saviour.

For a full copy of the text of the speech, click here

Goldman Sachs JBWere's Multi-Strategy Fund was closed on February 2, after freezing applications and redemptions in late November. The Fund is a fund of hedge funds, which offers Australian and New Zealand investors exposure to a variety of underlying managers and strategies.

Liquidity has proven to be a problem for fund of hedge funds in recent times, particularly due to the slide in the Australian dollar and in cases where the fund offers monthly liquidity however the underlying funds only allow quarterly or longer redemptions. Several other fund of hedge funds, including the BT Global Return Fund, Select Gottex Market Neutral Fund, HFA's Diversified and Octane Funds, DWS Strategic Value Fund and the Credit Suisse/Tremont Index Strategies Fund were also forced to freeze redemptions in late 2008.

As widely expected the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) reduced official interest rates by a further 100 basis points to 3.25% as a response to the global economic crisis.

The full text of the Board's media release follows:

'At its meeting today, the Board decided to reduce the cash rate by a further 100 basis points, to 3.25 per cent, effective 4 February 2009.

There was a significant deterioration in world economic conditions late in 2008. The effects on household and business confidence of the financial turmoil following Lehman’s collapse, and continuing strains on major financial institutions, saw a significant downturn in demand around the world. As a result, the major advanced economies contracted sharply in the December quarter, as did a number of emerging market economies. The Chinese economy, though still growing, has slowed markedly. Global inflation, having reached high rates during the middle of 2008, is now declining.

Measures to stabilise financial systems have contributed to an improvement in the functioning of credit markets over the past couple of months. This, in conjunction with expansionary macroeconomic policy measures being taken around the world, should assist in promoting global recovery over time. But the near-term outlook for the global economy is the weakest for many years.

Economic conditions in Australia have also been affected, though less than in other advanced economies. Australia’s financial system remains in a strong condition and large interest rate reductions over recent months have been passed through in substantial measure to end borrowers. Nonetheless, the combination of last year’s financial turmoil, a severe global downturn and substantial falls in commodity prices has had a significant dampening effect on confidence, and therefore on prospects for growth in demand. Inflation has begun to moderate and, given recent developments, it is likely to continue to decline.

In these circumstances, the Board judged that a further sizable reduction in the cash rate was appropriate, to give further support to demand. In making its decision, the Board took into account the package of measures announced by the Government earlier today. The combination of expansionary monetary and fiscal policies now in place will help to cushion the Australian economy from the contractionary forces coming from abroad.'

Australia's financial services regulator, ASIC, has extended the ban on covered short sales of financial stocks until March 6th, 2009. The ban, which was due to be lifted on 27th January, was extended due to renewed volatility in financial stocks in the US and Europe.

ASIC's decision will no doubt please some, and disappoint others, including those investors who have sold stock ahead of the expected lifting of the ban and in anticipation of further price weakness. However, the renewed volatility in bank and financial stock prices overseas has probably had more to do with additional and continuing bad news in the sector than the resumption of short selling.

In their statement released on 21 January, ASIC said:

'ASIC today said it would keep the ban on covered short selling of financial securities in place until Friday, 6 March 2009.

ASIC advised the market on 13 November 2008 that the current ban on covered short selling of financial securities (as defined in ASIC’s release of 13 November 2008) would remain in place until at least 27 January 2009.

This approach was consistent with many other jurisdictions, including the UK, where the Financial Services Authority (FSA) planned to lift its short selling ban on certain financial securities on 16 January 2009.

The FSA lifted its ban on 16 January 2009 and ASIC expected to then lift its ban, so as to be in line with the other major markets.

ASIC, however, noted the recent increase in volatility in financial stocks in overseas markets. ASIC is not at this stage in a position to assess if the resumption of short selling in the UK was coincidental or contributed to this volatility and if so, to what extent.

As many factors are at play in these overseas markets, ASIC needs time to examine these latest developments. ASIC will therefore, over the next few weeks, assess the markets more carefully to determine the role of short selling and aggressive or predatory practices and whether there are similar risks for Australia when the ban is lifted.

ASIC believes that in the context of the renewed volatility affecting banking stocks in many markets, including the UK and USA, this cautious approach is warranted. ASIC believes that any possible loss of market efficiency or price discovery as a result of this additional short period of review is therefore justified.

ASIC’s decision to extend the ban on covered short selling of financial securities is also in the context of a legislative framework that recognises short selling as a legitimate mechanism of price discovery and liquidity, subject to disclosure and subject to intervention by ASIC in exceptional cases.

ASIC’s intention is and remains to keep its intervention to an absolute minimum. ASIC will continue its consultations with relevant stakeholders and other regulators in Australia and overseas.

ASIC will keep the position under review, and might decide it has sufficient information to be able to lift the ban earlier than 6 March, and will make a decision for 6 March closer to that date.'

Australia's Sydney Morning Herald (SMH) has reported that the Westpac controlled BT Investment Management wrote to investors before Christmas advising they were freezing redemptions on its $1.2bn Global Return Fund.

The SMH article cites BT believing that "unstable market conditions ... assets cannot be realised at prices that would be obtained in a stable market."

Management of the Global Return Fund was apparently outsourced to Grosvenor Capital Management in Chicago who are claimed to manage US$23bn. Grosvenor had taken action to segregate a portion of the less liquid assets.... and as a result are not currently available to meet redemptions in the fund. However, Grosvenor itself has not suspended redemptions from its own master fund.

Australian based Fund of Funds HFA Asset Management has suspended redemptions from a number of its underlying funds including the HFA Diversified Investment Fund, and the HFA Octane and Octane Series 2 Fund, effective December 22nd.

Citing deteriorating liquidity in the underlying funds in which it invests, HFA also announced limited liquidity in their US based Lighthouse Diversified Fund, by establishing a special purpose vehicle (commonly referred to as a "side pocket") to hold and isolate the redemptions in illiquid investments until such time as they are liquidated.

HFA are not the first, and are unlikely to be the last Fund of Funds to halt or limit redemptions due to lack of liquidity in underlying funds. In October Everest Babcock and Brown announced that it would freeze redemptions in their Income Fund, and earlier this month Macquarie announced a halt to redemptions in their Equinox Series of funds. Prior to this there were wide ranging redemption freezes in many Australian based mortgage funds.

To date single manager Australian Funds have avoided freezing redemptions in spite of being subjected to significant and widespread redemptions from investors, particularly Fund of Funds, who in turn have been subjected to a wave of redemptions from their own investors. However, the redemptions to date are having a domino effect as investors redeem from otherwise well performing funds due to the lack of liquidity in others. The liquidity issues are also primarily based on the larger overseas managers, although the flow on effect has certainly reached Australian funds and their investors.